Colonization Resistance: Battle of the Bugs or Ménage à Trois with the Host?
نویسندگان
چکیده
The lower gastrointestinal tract is host to a dense microbial community, known as the gut microbiota, which is dominated by obligate anaerobic bacteria belonging to the phyla Bacteroidetes (class Bacteroidia) and Firmicutes (class Clostridia). This microbial community offers benefit by conferring niche protection against invading microbes, a property known as ‘‘colonization resistance’’ (reviewed in [1]). The concept of colonization resistance was initially derived from studies showing that an antibiotic-mediated disruption of gut-associated microbial communities greatly enhances the ability of facultative anaerobic Enterobacteriaceae, such as Escherichia coli or Salmonella enterica, to colonize the large bowel [2–4]. Conventional wisdom holds that resident Bacteroidia and Clostridia confer colonization resistance by ‘‘competitive exclusion’’ of Enterobacteriaceae (phylum Proteobacteria) through microbe-microbe interactions. However, recent studies draw a tantalizing new picture, which suggests that host interactions might play a central role in shaping the microbial community structure. Here we review these new hypotheses and their implications for human health.
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